- Carsharing is a system where a fleet of cars (or other vehicles) is jointly-owned by the users in distinction from car rental or cars in private ownership.
- Members of a carsharing organization access the vehicles from shared-use lots (e.g., transit station, neighborhoods, and employment centers).
- Fees typically cover maintenance, insurance, registration, fueling, and time use.
- Urban carsharing with linkages to transit is the predominant shared-use vehicle model. However, several new models are being tested (e.g., employer-based carsharing, such as CarLink; resorts; gated communities; etc.).
- Existing carsharing organizations typically provide a choice of vehicle type, rate, and convenience suited to participant needs.
Benefits
Key results include:
- More careful consideration of the necessity of car trips, duration and distance of travel, and modal alternatives and as a result decreased auto use and ownership
- Cost savings to individuals and employers
- Energy and emissions savings
- Improved public transit, when paired with other cost-saving systems like congestion pricing
- Increased transit ridership
- Decreased parking demand
- Increased cooperation between industry and government
Costs
Making carsharing companies work - and work financially - has required a different type of business strategy. Many companies withhold information like the total number of vehicles and total number of members. This makes an overall analysis challenging. However, below is a brief breakdown of general costs for the carsharing organization. (in 2006 dollars)
- Vehicle lease: $300 to 500/month; almost all car share companies lease and there are no insider deals with car manufacturers.
- Insurance ($300K to $1 mill. single limit): $150 to $250/month per vehicle.
- Car access and tracking computer: $1200 to $1500 depending on features, GPS plus $30/month for wireless charges (to download reservations, report hours and miles of usage and occasional GPS location query).
- Staffing: about four to eight on staff per city; includes general manager, one or two salespeople (residential and business), customer service rep, fleet manager and part time “event marketing” people for member recruitment. Vehicle cleaning is outsourced.
- Billing and membership screening: handled via the Web site at the corporate level.
- Call center: handled nationally; refers problems to local on-call staff member if immediate help is needed; breakdowns handled by contract Tow Company.
Information courtesy of Dave Brook, Car-sharing consultant www.carsharing.us , excerpted from : http://www.innovativemobility.org/news/ARN1106carshare.pdf
Where is it implemented?
| City / Region |
Organization |
4 hr trip* |
Size |
$/NGO |
Electric highly-efficient vehicles
Available? |
| United States |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Large Corporations with Multiple Locations:
Flexcar:
Locations: Washington D. C, Seattle, Washington; Portland, Oregon; San Francisco, California; San Diego, California; Los Angeles, California; Atlanta, Georgia; Gainesville, Florida; Chicago (I-Go), Illinois
Website: http://www.flexcar.com
Zipcar:
Locations: San Francisco, CA; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Chicago, Illinois; Toronto (Canada), Ann Arbor, Minneapolis; Massachusetts; New York/New Jersey; Washington DC, Virginia
Website:
http://www.zipcar.com/
|
|
|
|
|
| Alabama |
|
|
|
|
|
| Calgary, AB |
Calgary Alternative Transp. Co-op |
~ |
small |
co-op |
|
| Edmonton, AB |
Carsharing Co-op. Edmonton |
~ |
small |
co-op |
|
| California |
|
|
|
|
|
| East Bay: Berkeley, Oakland, etc., CA |
City CarShare |
$30.27 |
large |
for-$ |
|
| Edmonton, AB |
Carsharing Co-op. Edmonton |
|
|
|
|
| Long Beach, CA |
Flexcar |
$39.00 |
large |
for-$ |
|
| Palo Alto,CA |
City CarShare |
$30.27 |
large |
for-$ |
|
| San Diego, CA |
Flexcar |
$39.00 |
large |
for-$ |
|
| San Francisco,CA |
City CarShare |
$30.27 |
large |
NGO |
|
| San Francisco,CA |
Flexcar |
$34.00 |
large |
for-$ |
|
| San Francisco,CA |
ZipCar |
$30.60 |
large |
for-$ |
|
| Santa Monica, CA |
Flexcar |
$39.00 |
large |
for-$ |
|
| Colorado |
|
|
|
|
|
| Aspen, CO |
Roaring Fork Valley Vehicles |
~ |
small |
for-$ |
|
| Boulder, CO |
Boulder Carshare |
$19.76 |
small |
NGO |
|
| Florida |
|
|
|
|
|
| Gainsville, FL |
Flexcar |
$39.00 |
large |
for-$ |
|
| Illinois |
|
|
|
|
|
| Chicago, IL |
i-go-cars |
$34.69 |
large |
NGO |
|
| Indiana |
|
|
|
|
|
| Fort Wayne, IN |
Fort Wayne Car Co-op |
~ |
small |
co-op |
|
| Maryland |
|
|
|
|
|
| Greenbelt,MD |
ZipCar |
$31.50
|
large |
for-$ |
|
| Montgomery City, MD |
Flexcar |
$32.00 |
large |
for-$ |
|
| Prince Grgs. Cty, MD |
Flexcar |
$32.00 |
large |
for-$ |
|
| Massach. |
|
|
|
|
|
| Boston, MA |
ZipCar |
$31.50
|
large |
for-$ |
|
| Michigan |
|
|
|
|
|
| Ann Arbor, MI |
Ann Arbor Community Car Co-op |
~
|
small |
co-op |
|
| Ann Arbor, MI |
Zipcar |
~
|
large |
for-$ |
|
| Detroit, MI |
Motor City Car Share |
~
|
~
|
~
|
|
| Minnesota |
|
|
|
|
|
| Minn./St. Paul, MN |
hOurcar |
$36.16
|
med |
NGO |
|
| Minn./St. Paul, MN |
Zipcar |
$35.39
|
large |
for-$ |
|
| Missouri |
|
|
|
|
|
| Rutledge, MO |
Dancing Rabbit Vehicle Co-op |
~
|
small |
co-op |
|
| New Jersey |
|
|
|
|
|
| Hoboken, NJ |
ZipCar |
$36.00
|
large |
for-$ |
|
| Princeton, NJ |
ZipCar |
$36.00
|
large |
for-$ |
|
| New York |
|
|
|
|
|
| Ithaca, NY |
Ithaca CarShare |
~
|
small |
NGO |
|
| New York, NY |
Zipcar |
$36.00
|
large |
for-$ |
|
| North Carolina |
|
|
|
|
|
| Chapel Hill, NC |
Zipcar |
$20.56
|
large |
for-$ |
|
| Nevada |
|
|
|
|
|
| Nevada City, CA |
Contact Mike Foxfoot |
~
|
small |
NGO |
|
| Ohio |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cleveland, OH |
City Wheels |
$32.00
|
small |
for-$ |
|
| Oregon |
|
|
|
|
|
| Eugene, OR |
Eugene Bio Car Share |
~
|
small |
NGO |
|
| Portland, OR |
Flexcar |
$34.00
|
large |
for-$ |
|
| Pennsylvania |
|
|
|
|
|
| Philidelphia, PA |
PhillyCarShare |
$30.84
|
large |
NGO |
|
| Texas |
|
|
|
|
|
| Austin,Tx |
Austin CarShare |
$27.00
|
small |
NGO |
|
| Virginia |
|
|
|
|
|
| Alexandria, VA |
Flexcar |
$32.00
|
large |
for-$ |
|
| Arlington, VA |
Flexcar |
$32.00
|
large |
for-$ |
|
| Fairfax County, VA |
Flexcar |
$32.00
|
large |
for-$ |
|
| Washington |
|
|
|
|
|
| Bellingham,WA |
Community Car Share of Bellingham |
~
|
small |
NGO |
|
| Eastside, WA |
Flexcar |
$34.00
|
large |
for-$ |
|
| Kitsap County,WA |
Scoot |
$34.00
|
large |
for-$ |
|
| Seattle, WA |
Flexcar |
$34.00
|
large |
for-$ |
|
| Vancouver, WA |
Flexcar |
$34.00
|
large |
for-$ |
|
| Washington DC |
|
|
|
|
|
| Washington, DC |
Flexcar |
$32.00
|
large |
for-$ |
|
| Washington, DC |
ZipCar |
$31.50
|
large |
for-$ |
|
| Wisconsin |
|
|
|
|
|
| Madison, WI |
Community Car |
$29.22
|
small |
NGO |
|
| Canada |
|
|
|
|
|
| Multiple Locations |
Company: Communauto
Locations: Montreal, Quebec, Sherbrooke, Gatineau.
English and French website: |
|
|
|
|
| Edmonton |
Webnet |
|
|
|
|
| Calgary |
Catco-opt |
|
|
|
|
| Sherbrooke, PQ |
CommunAuto |
$18.05
|
large |
for-$ |
|
| Montreal, PQ |
CommunAuto |
$18.05
|
large |
for-$ |
|
| Nelson, BC |
Nelson CarShare Cooperative |
~
|
small |
co-op |
|
Kitchener/
Waterloo,
Ontario |
The People’s Car |
|
|
|
|
| Toronto, ON |
AutoShare |
$34.53
|
large |
for-$ |
|
| Saskatoon, SK |
Dadro Car Sharing |
~
|
~ |
for-$ |
|
| Toronto, ON |
Zipcar |
$39.60
|
large |
for-$ |
|
| Vancouver, BC |
Co-operative Auto Network |
$23.08
|
large |
co-op |
|
Kitch.
Waterloo, ON |
People's Car Co-op |
$28.67
|
small |
co-op |
|
Vancouver
Island, BC |
Co-operative Auto Network |
$23.08
|
large |
co-op |
|
| Victoria, BC |
Victoria Car Share Co-op |
$19.63
|
small |
co-op |
|
| Quebec City, PQ |
CommunAuto |
$18.05
|
large |
for-$ |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| Ottawa, ON |
Vrtucar |
$30.60
|
med. |
for-$ |
|
| Whistler, BC |
Co-operative Auto Network |
$23.08
|
large |
co-op |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| Gatineau, PQ |
CommunAuto |
$18.05
|
large |
for-$ |
|
| Kingston, ON |
Christine Arh |
~
|
small |
for-$ |
|
World
Wide |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| Europe |
European CarSharing* |
~
|
~
|
~
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| Switzerland |
Mobility Car Sharing* |
~
|
~
|
~
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| Austria |
DENZELDRIVE (easy drive) |
~
|
~
|
~
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| Belgium |
|
|
|
|
|
| 5 cities |
Cambio (English)
330 cars at 100 locations in the German cities of Aachen, Bielefeld, Bremen, Bremerhaven, Cologne, Hamburg, Oldenburg and Saarbruecken. Eight Belgian cities as well. |
~
|
~
|
~
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| Finland |
City Car Club |
~
|
~
|
~
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| France |
Liselec |
~
|
~
|
~
|
|
| Paris |
Caisse-Commune |
~
|
~
|
~
|
|
| Marseilles |
|
|
|
|
|
| Grenoble |
Alpesautopartage (French-only) |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| Germany |
Bundesverband |
~
|
~
|
~
|
|
| |
CarSharing* |
|
|
|
|
| 8 cities |
Cambio
330 cars at 100 locations in the German cities of Aachen, Bielefeld, Bremen, Bremerhaven, Cologne, Hamburg, Oldenburg and Saarbruecken. Eight Belgian cities as well. |
~
|
~
|
~
|
|
| Kassel |
Stattauto Kassel |
~
|
~
|
~
|
|
| Tübingen and Rottenburg |
Greenwheels
(English and German) |
|
|
|
|
| Dusseldorf |
TeilAuto
(German only) |
|
|
|
|
| Berlin |
Stattauto
Choice
(German only) |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| Italy |
|
|
|
|
|
| Rome, Turin, Bolzano/Bozen |
Carsharing
(Italian-only) |
|
|
|
|
| Milano |
Milano Car Sharing
(Italian only) |
~ |
~ |
~ |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| Netherlands |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Green Wheels
(Dutch-only) |
|
|
|
|
| |
The Dutch national carsharing foundation that stimulates all kinds of car sharing.
Website:
Autodate (Dutch only) |
|
|
|
|
| Norway |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Citycarclub
(Norwegian and English)
Based in Norway,used in Sweden |
|
|
|
|
| Oslo |
Bilkollektivet
(Norwegian only) |
~ |
~ |
~ |
|
| Trondheim |
BILRINGEN
|
~ |
~ |
~ |
|
| Bergen |
BilRingen
(Norwegian only) |
~ |
~ |
~ |
|
| Spain |
|
|
|
|
|
| Barcelona |
Barcelona-based
organization with 12
carsharing stations
Spanish-only language
carsharing website:
Catalunyacarsharing |
~ |
~ |
~ |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sweden |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Swedish-only language carsharing website:
Home6
Based in Norway, usedin Sweden: City Car Club:
Norwegian and English-language website:
Citycarclub |
|
|
|
|
Goteborg |
Majornas Bilkooperativ |
~ |
~ |
~ |
|
| various cities |
Sun Fleet |
~ |
~ |
~ |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| Denmark |
Andelsbil.dk |
|
|
|
|
| Aarhus |
Aarhus Delebilklub |
~ |
~ |
~ |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Carplus |
|
|
|
|
| |
Citycarclub |
|
|
|
|
| Brighton |
Streetcar |
~ |
large
|
for-$
|
|
| Cranfield University |
CampusCars |
~ |
~ |
~ |
|
| Edinburgh |
Smart Moves |
~ |
~ |
~ |
|
| London |
Streetcar |
~ |
large
|
for-$
|
|
| London |
Zipcar |
~ |
large
|
for-$
|
|
| London |
Whizzgo |
|
|
|
|
| Oxford |
ITSM |
~ |
~ |
~ |
|
| Salisbury |
HOurCars |
|
|
|
|
| Southampton |
Streetcar |
~ |
large
|
for-$
|
|
| Scotland (Edinburgh) and Britain |
Citycarclub |
|
|
|
|
| UK |
Other British carsharinglocations: Bath, Bristol,Brighton & Hove, Lichfield, Huddersfield, Ashburton, Bentham, Buckfastleigh, Burton-in-Lonsdale, Chaddleworth, Chagford, Clapham, Durham, Ingleton, Lewes, Liverpool, Machynlleth, Norwich, Poole, Portsmouth, Reading, St Austell, Stroud, Swansea, Topsham, Yeovil, York
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| New Zealand |
New Zealand |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| Australia |
|
|
|
|
|
| Melbourne |
Flex |
~ |
Large |
For-$ |
|
Melbourne |
GoGet |
~ |
Large
|
For-$
|
|
| Sydney |
CharterDrive |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| Asia |
|
|
|
|
|
| Japan |
Tokyo |
|
|
|
Electronic-vehicles only |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| Singapore |
|
|
|
|
|
| Singapore |
Honda ICVS
(English-only) |
~ |
~ |
~ |
|
| Singapore |
NTUC INCOME Car Co-op (English-only) |
~ |
~ |
~ |
|
| Singapore |
Whizzcar(English-only) |
~ |
~ |
~ |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| Israel |
|
|
|
|
|
| Jerusalem |
contact Gidon Ariel |
~ |
~ |
~ |
|
Updated and partially excerpted from www.carsharing.net
References
European car sharing
http://www.carsharing.org/
World carshare consortium
http://www.ecoplan.org/carshare/cs_index.htm
National station car association
http://www.stationcarinfo.com/
San Francisco car sharing
http://www.citycarshare.org/
Flexcar
http://www.flexcar.com/
Cooperative auto network- Vancouver
http://www.cooperativeauto.net/
Autoshare - Toronto
http://www.cooperativeauto.net/
Car sharing library
http://www.carsharing.net/library/
Author: Susan Shaheen, Marika Benko
|